Coupling mechanisms in double sandbar systems. Part 2: impact on alongshore variability of inner‐bar rip channels     

Bruno Castelle  B. G. Ruessink  Philippe Bonneton  Vincent Marieu  Nicolas Bruneau  Timothy D. Price 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(7):771-781

Double sandbar systems are common morphological features along sandy, wave‐dominated, micro‐ to meso‐tidal coastlines. In the companion paper, we demonstrated how various alongshore inner‐bar rip‐channel patterns can develop through morphological coupling to an alongshore‐variable outer bar. The simulated coupling patterns are, however, scarcely observed in the field. Instead, inner‐bar rip channels more often possess remarkably smaller and more variable alongshore length scales, suggesting that coupling mechanisms do not play a substantial role in the overall double‐sandbar dynamics. Here we use a numerical model to show that the relative importance of self‐organization and morphological coupling changes in favour of the latter with an increase in waterdepth variability along the outer‐bar crest. Furthermore, we find that the typical alongshore variability in inner‐bar rip‐channel scale is indicative of a mixture of self‐organization and morphological coupling rather than self‐organization alone. Morphological coupling may thus be more important to understanding and predicting the evolution of inner‐bar rip channels than previously envisaged. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Accounting for uncertainty in DEMs from repeat topographic surveys: improved sediment budgets   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Joseph M. Wheaton  James Brasington  Stephen E. Darby  David A. Sear 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(2):136-156

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Agricultural effluent control under uncertainty: An inexact double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained model     

Y. Xu  X.S. Qin 《Advances in water resources》2010

An inexact double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (IDFCCP) method was developed in this study and applied to an agricultural effluent control management problem. IDFCCP was formulated through incorporating interval linear programming (ILP) into a double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (DFCCP) framework, and could be used to deal with uncertainties expressed as not only possibility distributions associated with both left- and right-hand-side components of constraints but also discrete intervals in the objective function. The study results indicated that IDFCCP allowed violation of system constraints at specified confidence levels, where each confidence level consisted of two reliability scenarios. This could lead to model solutions with high system benefits under acceptable risk magnitudes. Furthermore, the introduction of ILP allowed uncertain information presented as discrete intervals to be communicated into the optimization process, such that a variety of decision alternatives can be generated by adjusting the decision-variable values within their intervals. The proposed model could help decision makers establish various production patterns with cost-effective water quality management schemes under complex uncertainties, and gain in-depth insights into the trade-offs between system economy and reliability.  相似文献   

Effective typhoon characteristics and their effects on hourly reservoir inflow forecasting   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gwo-Fong Lin  Guo-Rong ChenPei-Yu Huang 《Advances in water resources》2010

This paper describes the identification of effective typhoon characteristics and the development of a new type of hourly reservoir inflow forecasting model with the effective typhoon characteristics. Firstly, a comparison of support vector machines (SVMs), which is a novel kind of neural networks (NNs), and back-propagation networks (BPNs) is made to select an appropriate NN-based model. The results show that SVM-based models are more appropriate than BPN-based models because of their higher accuracy and much higher efficiency. In addition, effective typhoon characteristics for improving forecasting performance are identified from all the collected typhoon information. Then the effective typhoon characteristics (the position of the typhoon and the distance between the typhoon center and the reservoir) are added to the proposed SVM-based models. Next, a performance comparison of models with and without effective typhoon characteristics is conducted to clearly highlight the effects of effective typhoon characteristics on hourly reservoir inflow forecasting. To reach a just conclusion, the performance is evaluated by cross validation, and the improvement in performance due to the addition of effective typhoon characteristics is tested by paired comparison t-tests at the 5% significance level. The results confirm that effective typhoon characteristics do improve the forecasting performance and the improvement increases with increasing lead-time, especially when the rainfall data are not available. For four- to six-hour ahead forecasts, the improvement due to the addition of effective typhoon characteristics increases from 3% to 18% and from 10% to 113% for Categories I (rainfall data are available) and II (rainfall data are not available), respectively. In conclusion, effective typhoon characteristics are recommended as key inputs for reservoir inflow forecasting during typhoons. The proposed SVM-based models with effective typhoon characteristics are expected to provide more accurate forecasts than BPN-based models. The proposed modeling technique is also expected to be useful to support reservoir operation systems and other disaster warning systems.  相似文献   

SSY-Ⅱ石英伸缩仪与SS-Y伸缩仪的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜振海  史小平 《地震研究》2010,33(1)

兰州十里店地震台于1985年安装了1台SSY-Ⅱ石英伸缩仪,于2006年又安装了1台SS-Y伸缩仪。对这两套仪器的主要构造部件——基线、换能系统、标定系统进行了对比分析,并从产出资料的趋势变化、调和分析、干扰、地震事件等方面进行了对比分析,总结了这两套仪器各自的优缺点。  相似文献   

城市供水管网健康监测与诊断(Ⅰ)——用户流量的预测     

梁建文 《地震工程与工程振动》2010,30(4)

供水管网运行状态的准确把握对供水管网的健康监测和健康诊断至关重要,而供水管网运行状态准确把握的关键则在于对用户流量的准确把握。本文提出了供水管网用户流量预测的两个方法,EMD分解与自回归模型相结合的方法和逐步回归方法与自回归模型相结合的方法,文中通过一实际供水管网中某用户流量的预测分析并与实际监测值的比较,验证了两个方法的有效性。研究使得城市供水管网健康的在线监测和在线诊断成为可能。  相似文献   

临沂市水系林业生态保护体系建设规划初探     

陆发利  郝亮  王学东  刘莉  阚荣飞  陈雪  闫陈辉 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(4):13-15

研究分析了临沂市水系分布状况,进行了生态功能区与重点保护区区域划分。引入流域生态修复技术及森林健康经营、生态型林果生产经营等先进营造林技术,设计了水系生态防护林带、封山育林、退耕还林、荒山造林、湿地保护与修复工程建设、示范区建设,突出林业生态保护功能,增加森林总量,提升森林生产力,解决区域水系水土流失和水资源污染等生态问题。  相似文献   

地层信息系统中的地质实体与数据类型     

饶杨安  贺怀建 《岩土力学》2010,31(5):1621-1626

结合地质实体概念厘清数据类型及其特征对地层信息系统的发展有重要意义。地层信息系统数据可以归类为属性数据、几何数据、关系数据、元数据4类,地层信息中的地质实体可分为基础地质实体和地质实体要素,进一步把地质实体要素分为关联要素和非关联要素。文中分析了矿体、风化分界面、断层、褶皱、不整合面、滑坡体的几何属性。区分观测者位置、数据采集点和数据本身空间属性,数据获取方法可分为地表调查、钻入调查、岩层透视调查、岩层非透视调查,并分析了原始数据与地质实体的对应关系。  相似文献   

翔安海底公路隧道陆域段变形控制措施研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

魏龙海  王明年  赵东平  吉艳雷 《岩土力学》2010,31(2):577-581

翔安隧道是我国第一条大跨公路海底隧道,其两端陆域段位于富水的强风化岩层中,地质条件极为复杂。隧道施工期间,部分断面发生了较大变形,超过了预留变形量,给二次衬砌的施工造成了影响,而且过大的变形有时还会导致隧道围岩失稳,应寻求一套合理的变形控制措施。基于现场监测数据和施工记录,并结合数值方法,对隧道施工过程中所采取的工程措施的作用效果进行了研究。结果表明,增设锁脚锚管、加强临时支护及管井降水等工程措施都可以在一定程度上减小隧道支护结构的变形,但在地质条件较差的富水强风化岩层中修建大跨公路隧道时,将两种或多种工程措施的组合起来使用效果更佳。例如,在采用降水（连续墙）＋加强临时支护＋锁脚锚管的组合方案后,隧道的拱顶下沉减小了46 %～60 %,水平收敛也减小了约30 %。这些措施可为今后类似工程提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

如何在湖北省地震网络系统中架构VPDN平台   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘可  张亦梅  特木其勒 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(Z1)

湖北省地震系统约有100个站点需要利用无线网络系统进行信息传输,前期是利用自建的VPN网络,其传输速度受互联网的影响较大,传输速度较慢,甚至出现不能对仪器进行实时监控、数据不能按时收取、无法按时向国家台网中心报送数据的情况。而目前湖北省地震网络系统业务的拓展,需要进一步完善覆盖全省的数据传输网络,用于承载前兆无人职守系统、流动测震系统和移动办公系统。鉴于上述情况,湖北省地震信息网络部门通过分析各分支点所处的地理位置及数据传输的要求,最终使用中国电信的无线VPDN业务,组建湖北省地震数据监测VPDN网络系统。从而满足了数据传输的安全性、观测数据上报的安全性和地震分析预报的及时性要求。  相似文献